BACKGROUND The arrival of cryptocurrencies and ICOs heralded a leap forward in project crowd funding. Despite having opened investment opportunities to anyone capable of overcoming the technical barriers of transactions, legal uncertainty has, to some extent, stifled that transfer of empowerment. Many within the cryptocurrency-world would prefer to see little…
BACKGROUND Known in the trade as OOH, or Out-Of-Home advertising, the global billboards market is a substantial one. Recent estimates say it is worth around $35 billion per annum with further estimates predicting it will increase by another $10 billion in the next couple of years. Considering the limitations of…
BACKGROUND While blockchain technology has introduced smart contracts that offer an efficient way to encode agreements, there is not yet a mechanism in place to resolve disputes should they arise from these contracts. This omission means participants may eventually have to resort to traditional methods to settle any disagreements. Anyone…
BACKGROUND Food. A simple 4 letter word that most of us take for granted but as this year’s reduced global harvest yields have clearly shown, we should not. Agricultural land ownership that leads to food security has been a stable investment over the last fifty years and as the demand…
BACKGROUND In June of 2018, London was witness to Europe’s largest Blockchain summit yet. A whole host of representatives from traditional finance were present. Over the course of that two day conference, a general consensus emerged that finance is headed for a blockchain revolution. The reason is simple – blockchain…
BACKGROUND Venture capitalist (VC) firms and individuals with access to large bank balances have traditionally provided funding for new or growing businesses who want to expand but cannot, or do not want to, raise investment through the equities markets. In committing to the projects, VCs hope that at least a…
BACKGROUND Loyalty cards are all well and good when customers just visit one cafe or shop at one supermarket but unfortunately most people do not live their life this way. As a result a consumer is forced to carry around multiple cards in order to gain benefits from a range…
BACKGROUND Clinical trials of drugs and treatments are time-consuming and expensive. Even before the trials can begin, various protocols, research ethics, methods, and types of participations (voluntary or by proxy) are examined to safeguard the safety of those taking part. When subjects are selected to participate, there then follow physical…
BACKGROUND At its most basic level, the MOBU proposition is about offering a streamlined mechanism for companies to organise their own ICO. Companies seeking to issue a security – as opposed to a utility – token are currently stymied from raising capital in this way by the mountain of legal,…
BACKGROUND Last year Coinbase pulled in $1 billion in revenue. This year Binance expects to clear a similar figure in profits. And the growing use of crypto trading exchanges has been attracting new players who are hoping to bring a more streamlined platform experience for end-users in a bid to…
BACKGROUND Managing the logistics of international transport and the various components of its associated supply chain is generally an expensive drain on company budgets and, according to the World Bank, accounts for an astonishing 10% of global GDP. The costs are high because the transfer of ownership of goods from…
BACKGROUND In order to understand the Trivver proposition, you must first know something about the world of Extended Reality (XR) which combines Augmented Reality (AR), Virtual Reality (VR) and Mixed Reality (MR). Augmented Reality (AR) is the overlaying of digital objects and information on the real world. For example, pointing…
BACKGROUND Establishing the authenticity of a work of art is a costly affair in the terms of both time and money. At the same time, the number of fake, forged or misattributed artwork uncovered and publicised each year is a mere fraction of the total in circulation. The problem is not…
NOTE TO READERS PayPortal has not achieved soft-cap and has ceased its ICO operation. The below review is archived on our site for reference only. BACKGROUND China’s transition to economic powerhouse has been so striking that India’s potential and progress is frequently overlooked. India is the world’s largest democracy,…
BACKGROUND Outsourcing of research and development (R&D) currently accounts for a small fraction of global GDP. Traditionally, R&D stems from basic research leading to applied research which, in turn, leads to development before ending in some form of commercialisation. As R&D continues to grow significantly over the coming years, it…
BACKGROUND Our economies are changing rapidly and education is struggling to keep up. Universities find it difficult to know which skills are needed by business, businesses struggle to identify suitable employees, and students can easily waste considerable time and money building expertise in an area with little demand. What’s more,…
BACKGROUND To understand the DNN proposition, it is best to begin with a quick overview of the issues that we see within the online print media today which can largely be sourced back to two specific phenomena. Firstly, there is the dominance of a small number of actors who capture…
BACKGROUND Enterprise Application Software (EAS), sometimes shortened to Enterprise Software, is prevalent among businesses, governments and charities. However, its use rarely impacts in an obvious way upon individual users outside of these institutions so it is not widely known among the general public. For organisations, EAS generally provides a suite…
BACKGROUND At first glance, ORCA would best be described as a platform that aggregates financial services offered by third-party providers. However, there is also a bigger picture to the business plan. The team behind the ‘Open and Regulated Cryptocurrency Adoption’ project is proposing that by integrating traditional and crypto financial…
BACKGROUND The growth in demand for Cloud services shows no signs of abating. As costs have been decreasing, both individuals and enterprises are increasingly moving to the cloud in order to store (or back up) their files and data. The cloud offers enterprise-level organisations operational flexibility and efficiency, and it…
OVERVIEW Widespread adoption of cryptocurrency and digital assets remains a vision from within the engaged community rather than a reality. Whilst there are claims that adoption is being hampered by vested interests, it is fair to say that other barriers – both technical and non-technical – remain. And these are…
BACKGROUND Back in June 2000, a certain Andrew Black and Edward Wray, riding on the back of what was then the dotcom boom, set up a UK-based online betting exchange that went by the name of Betfair. The idea behind the Betfair project was simple: to give users on its…
BACKGROUND SpringRole is a professional networking site using blockchain to reward users for actions which improve its data set – e.g. endorsing another user, or confirming that user has the employment history he or she claims to have. The obvious comparison here is with LinkedIn, the enormously powerful incumbent…
BACKGROUND Recent scandals entangling the likes of Cambridge Analytica and Facebook have highlighted the abuse and exploitation of personal data. On the other hand, across the internet we have content creators, authors, artists and publishers who are poorly rewarded by receiving not only the minimum income for their work but…
BACKGROUND Scientific publishing is a surprisingly lucrative business. In 2015 it was estimated that the market for scientific, technical and medical (STM) publications was around $25 billion. The sizeable market is currently dominated by five publishers who between them have profit margin expectations higher than the likes of Google, Apple…
BACKGROUND W have seen some ICOs with some very big ambitions. The Zero Carbon Project is perhaps the biggest of them all: tackling global warming. The white-paper gives depressingly familiar evidence that temperatures are continuing to rise and that extreme weather events are more common. Quoting from the Nature Climate…
BACKGROUND In late 2017, the Ethereum blockchain found itself facing transaction congestion issues which came from an unlikely source: the exponential growth in popularity of a blockchain-based game in which users could breed and exchange digitalised representations of kittens. Cryptokitties, the name of that game, introduced the world to its…
BACKGROUND Denmark has historically been a world leader in shipping, and it is therefore appropriate that the country’s first known ICO is one that emerges from this very same industry. Not only, however, is it a world leader in shipping, the country has also established something of a reputation for…
OVERVIEW It is no secret that global companies such as Amazon have become increasingly dominant in the retail market whilst the likes of Facebook have enjoyed a strangle hold on social media. The buying power of the retail giants put small and medium businesses at a serious disadvantage and the…
BACKGROUND CountingHouse is a pre-existing, established hedge fund based in Australia. Formally established in 2013, the outfit specialises in foreign exchange arbitrage trading where it “consistently yielded profits of between 70% and 120%” between 2013-2016, according to the project white-paper. After some experimental runs with crypto-trading strategies which began in…
OVERVIEW The name “Yumerium” derives from the Japanese word for dream, “Yume”, and Latin word for place “Rium”. This Korean ICO plans to hasten the evolution of the gaming industry by giving gamers, then, the ability to earn tokens from doing something they will naturally enjoy – playing games and…
BACKGROUND To understand the Wordopoly proposition, it is worth discussing very quickly the concept of Augmented Reality (AR) gaming. Probably the best definition of the industry has been provided by techtarget.com which states that AR gaming is “the integration of game visual and audio content with the user’s environment in real time,” adding…
BACKGROUND The Smart Containers proposition is highly unusual in the ICO arena for two reasons. Firstly, it is a pre-established, successful business dating from 2013 and which claims to be one of the largest players in its specific niche – temperature-sensitive perishable goods long-distance transportation. Secondly, the proposition is really…
CONCEPT The Human Genome Project (HGP) may have been announced as formally completed in 2003, but the field of genomics itself is still in a relatively early stage of its development. Genetics is the study of individual genes and their behaviour and impact within the organisms which host them, and…
OVERVIEW “Personal data is the oil of the 21st century,” says the Opiria white paper. Having accurate data on customer desires helps companies to come up with superior products, better predict the market and more efficiently target research and development. Unfortunately, much of the data companies receive is incomplete and…
OVERVIEW BitNation is an ambitious project seeking to create a platform that offers up the ability to create new, borderless jurisdictions where citizens can form virtual nations and other types of communities based around shared interests, behaviours and visions. The platform is also planning to offer up the ability to…
BACKGROUND To understand the IPCHAIN Database proposition, it is worth quickly re-covering the two core, fundamental features of blockchain technology: Data immutability When data is committed to the blockchain with timestamp T, for all practical purposes it remains there and neither the data nor T can be modified. Process Transparency…
BACKGROUND XYO Network is a new proposition from Ength Degree LLC, an established American company dating from 2013 which specialises in the provision of GPS-based and Bluetooth-based tracking and location-finding devices. The outfit has already sold over one million of these devices, and it is now looking to extend its…
CONCEPT The team behind the Skyllz platform is setting out to disrupt the traditional hiring practices with a more effective way to rate talent. The Skyllz Distributed Platform (SDP) is an open source, blockchain-based skills validation protocol. As one of the project’s blog posts points out, Tesla and Google don’t…
BACKGROUND For all the technological development of the last few years, marketing is still something of a blunt instrument. Around $1 trillion is spent worldwide, yet much of this is badly targeted and scattershot. Consumers get adverts for products and services they are simply not interested in, or have already bought…
BACKGROUND The Essentia project is predicated on the assumption that, in a not-so-distant future, a great many of us will have a crypto persona in addition to our existing online personas. In other words, we will find ourselves having to navigate between multiple crypto-currencies, multiple wallets, multiple exchanges and may…
BACKGROUND It is probably best to use an analogy to explain the concept behind Databroker DAO. As we know, companies are required by law to periodically report on their revenues. These reports are published individually by each company, but entire industries – as testified to by the existence of the…
BACKGROUND The EQUI proposition is, conceptually, a very simple one – the project team is creating a token-based platform that will marry up investors with innovative technology start-ups. Those start-ups will receive injections of funds in the form of the platform’s native EQUI token, investors will receive a share in…
BACKGROUND Before discussing Helbiz itself, it is worth discussing the specific niche that its project team is looking to break into – the sharing economy. As per Investopedia’s own definition, the sharing economy is simply any platform where assets are shared between individuals, usually for a fee and usually involving…
BACKGROUND Current is an existing media platform that allows users to stream media content from YouTube, Spotify and SoundCloud. The company now plans to use blockchain technology to build a token economy around the platform. As part of the blockchain expansion, they plan to integrate other media networks like Netflix…
BACKGROUND In 2015 the video streaming market was worth $30.9 billion. By 2024 it’s expected to have grown to $132 billion. For this huge market OnLive plans to become the leading platform for live streaming services and paid public broadcasts. Whether you’re broadcasting a show or you’re an expert looking…
BACKGROUND To put it briefly, RepuX is seeking to build a platform that will allow organisations to sell anonymised data to developers. Those developers will then use that data to train machine learning algorithms to build applications that aid decision making. The platform would also act as a marketplace for…
BACKGROUND ICOs / token sales, as a mass phenomenon, are still a relatively new concept. Whilst individual investors, venture capitalists and some of the more visionary business types are running into the ICO space with unbridled enthusiasm, regulatory bodies are largely dragging their heels. A whole new market of tokenized…
BACKGROUND Unusual for an ICO, SyncFab is an existing business dating from 2013 and which operates as a supply chain management system. Generally speaking, small to medium-sized manufacturers and buyers of their products operate within inefficient markets and very often struggle to find each other. Unlike larger manufacturers and purchasing…
BACKGROUND To understand the JoyToken proposition, it helps to begin with an overview of the industry that they are aiming to disrupt – online gambling. Currently, online casino platforms operate under a centralised model where the games they offer are governed by in-house software whose fairness (or otherwise) is not…
BACKGROUND The MoonLite proposal envisages, in its initial stages, the setting up of a fully-rigged crypto-mining farm in Iceland which exploits the country’s geothermal-sourced electricity that, aside from being ecologically friendly, is also incredibly cheap by international standards. Electricity is, of course, the biggest outgoing for any crypto-mining operation, usually…
BACKGROUND The CoinMetro project team is setting out to create a new cryptocurrency exchange and trading platform that also offers crypto-banking services. Cryptocurrency old hands are aware of the current issues with exchanges: in order to purchase a cryptocurrency or token with fiat, you first need to find an exchange…
BACKGROUND The White Rabbit proposition seeks to address a range of issues with today’s content distribution model for film and television. It begins with the assertion that consumers turn to piracy not because they do not want to pay; various studies have pointed out that regular pirate streamers hail from the…
BACKGROUND With the current rush of Initial Coin Offerings flooding the cryptocurrency market, it is something of a challenge for blockchain startups to figure out a way to stand out from the crowd and make a clear and attractive proposition for investors. FortKnoxster (token symbol FKX) has so far succeeded…
BACKGROUND FCFL is one of the more engrossing propositions that ICO seekers are likely to come across due to its sheer novelty, if nothing else. Veering away from the usual ICO focus on technology, the initial idea for FCFL arose from a proof-of-concept project implemented in early 2017 which involved…
BACKGROUND DataWallet is seeking to disrupt the current model for how personal online browsing data is both managed and monetised. Firstly, they state, there is asymmetric relationship between providers of that data – the online public – and the platforms they are visiting. Online users have little idea of what…
BACKGROUND The BABB ICO seeks to combine the innovations of blockchain technology with traditional, central banking practices. The service will be designed to give users access to a reserve of digital currencies that can be used to drive normal, everyday transactions as well as overseas payments. The fundamental idea of…
BACKGROUND An understanding of the WePower proposition requires some insight into the industry in which it operates – renewable energy. Investment in renewable energy is stalling, if not receding. In 2016, green energy investment amounted to $242 billion per year. That may sound like a lot but is actually represents…
BACKGROUND Loomia’s general mission statement is to be a pioneer in the field of smart clothing – clothing that lights up when it gets dark, hospital bedding that signals a dangerous drop in the patient’s temperature etc. Over the longer term, however, Loomia sees data becoming just as important to…
BACKGROUND Combining traditional banking services with the new, Blockchain-derived banking services of the future, Bankera, as per its own description, is conceived as an operational fork on SpectroCoin. The latter is a previous ICO which has created a successful brand with over 300,000 subscribers. With SpectroCoin offering an e-wallet, cryptocurrency…
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